The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the components of children’s moral education in the contemporary Iranian family and proposing a model to enhance the effectiveness of family-based moral upbringing. Methodologically, the study employed a grounded theory design. Participants consisted of 15 experts and practitioners in the fields of education and Qur’anic sciences, selected through purposive sampling based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed in three stages—open, axial, and selective coding—using MAXQDA 2020. Findings revealed that children’s moral education can be explained across six dimensions: causal conditions, core categories, contextual conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and consequences. The causal conditions highlight the significance of religious exemplars and emerging sociocultural transformations; the core categories underscore the necessity of balancing traditional moral teachings with sensitivity to contemporary circumstances. Contextual conditions—such as family structure, economic status, consumer culture, and access to digital technologies—were identified as influential. Intervening factors included parents’ educational level, psychological well-being, family interactions, and peer influence. With regard to strategies, the results emphasized that the success of children’s moral education depends on integrating moral-value cultivation with Qur’anic principles, modeling ethical behavior based on the Prophet’s and Ahl al-Bayt’s traditions, providing conceptual instruction of religious morality through family dialogue, regulating the digital environment in accordance with Islamic criteria, and strengthening familial support inspired by Islamic tradition. The proposed model, grounded in Qur’anic teachings, has the potential to enhance children’s moral upbringing within an Islamic cultural framework by reinforcing family